Macro-economic and social benchmarks
GDP
(current US$)
2022
GDP Per Capita
(current US$)
2022
GDP growth
(annual %)
2022
Unemployment
(% of population)
2022
GNI Per Capita, Atlas Method
(current USD)
2022
Capital
Tallinn
Surface Area
45,339 km2
Population 2022
1,365,884
Density 2022
30 inhabitants/km2
Political System
Parliamentary republic
Head of State Since October 11, 2021
Alar Karis
Focus: Association / Civil Society
– Constitution de la République d’Estonie, 1992 (Constitution of the Republic of Estonia , 1992)
https://president.ee/en/republic-of-estonia/the-constitution
47.
Everyone has the right to assemble peacefully and to conduct meetings without prior permission. This right may be circumscribed in the cases and pursuant to a procedure provided by law to safeguard national security, maintain public order, uphold public morality, ensure the safety of traffic and the safety of participants of the meeting, or to prevent the spread of an infectious disease.
48.
Everyone has the right to form non-profit associations and federations. Only citizens of Estonia may belong to political parties.
The establishment of associations and federations which possess weapons, which are organised in accordance with military principles or which hold exercises of a military nature requires a prior authorisation whose conditions of issuance and procedure of issuance are provided by law.
Associations, federations and political parties whose aims or activities are directed at changing the constitutional order of Estonia by force or are otherwise in conflict with a law providing criminal liability, are prohibited.
Only a court may terminate or suspend the activities of an association, federation or political party for a violation of the law, or order the association, federation or political party to pay a fine.
– Non-profit Associations Act of June 6, 1996
https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/510042014003/consolide
– Section 67 of the 2011 Law Enforcement Act
https://www.rightofassembly.info/assets/downloads/2011_Law_Enforcement_Act_of_Estonia.pdf
UN: accession 09/17/1991
ICESCR Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Signature: NO,
Ratification/Accession: Accession 10/21/1991
ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Signature: NO, Ratification/Accession: Accession 10/21/1991
Convention on the Rights of the Child: Signature : NO, Ratification/Accession : Accession 21/10/1991
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families: Signature: NO, Ratification/Accession: NO
UNESCO : Member since 1991
CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Signature: NO, Ratification/Accession: Accession 21/10/1991
Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions: Approval 18/12/2006
Currency: Danish krone
EU member: since May 1, 2004
CoE (Council of Europe): May 14, 1993
Schengen area: member of the Schengen area since May 1, 2004
European Convention on Human Rights: Ratification April 16, 1996
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: N/A
The country in the world through international indices
Population Growth
(annual %)
2022
Fertility Rate
(births per woman)
2021
Ratio of Poor Population to National Poverty Line
(% of population)
2020
Youth Literacy Rate
(% of young people aged 15-24)
2021
Net Enrollment Rate
(% of population)
2020
Internet Users
(% of population)
2021
Access to Electricity
(% of population)
2021
Intentional Homicides
(per 100,000 people)
2021
Happiness Index /10
2022
Press Freedom Index /10
2023
GINI Index /100
2020
Democracy Index /10
2022
Corruption Perceptions Index /100
Transparency International
2022
ITUC Global Rights Index /5
Repeated violations of rights
2022
HDI
2021
List of sources, reports and data