Macro-economic and social benchmarks
GDP
(current US$)
2021
GDP Per Capita
(current US$)
2021
GDP Growth
(annual %)
2021
Unemployment
(% of population)
2021
GNI Per Capita, Atlas Method
(current USD)
2021
Capital
Antananarivo
Surface Area
587,295 km²
Population 2021
28,915,653
Density 2021
49 inhabitants/km2
Political System
Semi-presidential republic
Head of State Since 19 January 2019
Andry Nirina
Focus: Association / Civil Society
– CONSTITUTION OF THE FOURTH REPUBLIC OF MADAGASCAR REFERENDUM 17 NOVEMBER 2010
Article 10.
– Freedom of opinion and expression, of communication, of the press, of association, of assembly, of movement, of conscience and of religion shall be guaranteed to all and may be limited only by respect for the freedoms and rights of others and by the imperative need to safeguard public order, national dignity and the security of the State.
Article 14.
– Everyone has the right to form associations freely, subject to compliance with the law.
The same right is recognised for the creation of political parties. The conditions for their creation are determined by a law on political parties and their financing.
Associations and political parties that call into question the unity of the Nation and republican principles, and that advocate totalitarianism or segregationism of an ethnic, tribal or denominational nature, are prohibited.
Political parties and organisations contribute to the expression of suffrage.
The Constitution guarantees the right of democratic opposition.
After each legislative election, the opposition political groups appoint a leader of the opposition. In the absence of agreement, the leader of the opposition political group with the highest number of votes cast is considered to be the official leader of the opposition.
– Order no. 60-133 of 3 October 1960 on the general regime for associations.
http://www.droit-afrique.com/upload/doc/madagascar/Madagascar-Ordonnance-1960-133-associations.pdf
– Order no. 60-082 of 13 August 1960 on public meetings and demonstrations on the public highway.
UN: accession 20/09/1960
ICESCR Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Signature: 14/04/1970,
Ratification/Accession: Ratification 22/09/1971
ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Signature: 17/09/1969 Ratification/Accession: Ratification 21/06/1971
Convention on the Rights of the Child: Signature: 19/04/1990, Ratification/Accession: Ratification 19/03/1991
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families: Signature: 24/09/2014, Ratification/Accession: Ratification 13/05/2015
UNESCO: Member since 1960 – Conventions signed and/or ratified from 1961 to 2018
CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Signature: 17/07/1980, Ratification/Accession : Ratification 17/03/1989
Currency: Ariary
African Union: 25 May 1963
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights: 9 March 1992
European Convention on Human Rights: NO
ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific countries): N/A
SADC (Southern African Development Community): 1992
The country in the world through international indices
Population Growth
(annual %)
2021
Fertility Rate
(births per woman)
2020
Ratio of Poor Population to National Poverty Line
(% of population)
2012
Youth Literacy Rate
(% of young people aged 15-24)
2021
Net Enrollment Rate
(% population)
2019
Internet Users
(% of population)
2018
Access to Electricity
(% of population)
2020
Intentional Homicides
(per 100,000 people)
2010
Happiness Index /10
2020
Press Freedom Index /10
2022
GINI Index /100
2012
Democracy Index /10
2020
Corruption Perceptions Index /100
Transparency International
2022
ITUC Global Rights Index /5
Regular rights violations
2022
HDI
2021
List of sources, reports and data