Macro-economic and social benchmarks
GDP
(current US$)
2020
GDP Per Capita
(current US$)
2020
GDP Growth
(annual %)
2020
Unemployment
(% of population)
2021
GNI per capita, Atlas method
(current USD)
2020
Capital
Damascus
Surface Area
185.181 km2
Population 2021
21,324,367
Density 2020
113 inhabitants/km2
Political System
Semi-presidential republic
Head of State
Bashar al-Assad (elected since 2000, re-elected in 2021) Syrian National Coalition in exile based in Istanbul (Turkey), chaired by George Sabra
Focus: Association / Civil Society
Constitution of 2012. https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/sy2012.htm
Article 44.
Citizens enjoy the right of assembly, peaceful demonstration and strike within the limits set by the principles of the Constitution. The law organizes the exercise of these rights.
Article 45.
The freedom to form associations and trade unions on a national basis, for legitimate purposes and by peaceful means, is guaranteed in accordance with the terms and conditions prescribed by law.
As in other Arab countries (Aldeeb, 1994), associations in Syria were initially governed by laws taken from the French Civil Code. However, the 1956 Egyptian law on private associations and foundations39 was transferred unchanged to the Syrian province of rau in 1958.40 Its promulgation abrogated the provisions in force until then, notably the articles of the Civil Code41 and the 1952 law on associations and political parties.42 The 1958 law introduced numerous restrictions on freedom of association. The 1958 law introduced numerous restrictions on freedom of association, which were tightened in the late 1960s. These restrictions mainly concerned membership, aims and the conditions under which associations could be dissolved.
https://books.openedition.org/editionscnrs/40127?lang=fr#bodyftn39
UN: Accession 10/24/1945
ICESCR Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Accession: 1969
ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Ratification/Accession: 1969
Convention on the Rights of the Child: Signature: 1990, Ratification/Accession: 1993
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families: Ratification/Accession: 2005
UNESCO: Member since 1975 – Conventions signed and/or ratified from 1965 to 2019
CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Accession: 2033
Currency: Syrian pound
League of Arab States: from 1945 to 2012 (exclusion)
The country in the world through international indices
Population Growth
(annual %)
2018
Fertility Rate
(births per woman)
2020
Ratio of Poor Population to National Poverty Line
(% of population)
#
Youth Literacy Rate
(% of young people aged 15-24)
2014
Net Enrollment Rate
(% population)
#
Internet Users
(% of population)
2020
Access to Electricity
(% of population):
2020
Intentional homicides
(per 100,000 people)
2019
Happiness index /10:
2019
Press freedom index /10
#
GINI Index /100
#
Democracy Index /10
2021
Corruption Perceptions Index /100
Transparency International
2022
ITUC Global Rights Index /5
Rights not guaranteed due to collapse of rule of law
#
HDI
2022